Final answer:
Thomas Paine's mention of the "summer soldier" and the "sunshine patriot" targets individuals who only support the American Revolution when it is convenient, corresponding to option (D). He emphasized the need for constant dedication to the cause, contrasting fair-weather supporters with steadfast patriots.
Step-by-step explanation:
When Thomas Paine referred to the "summer soldier" and the "sunshine patriot" in his influential pamphlet "The American Crisis," he was describing individuals whose dedication to the revolutionary cause waned when difficulties arose. Specifically, he addresses this critique to those who support the revolution only when convenient, which corresponds to option (D). The harsh realities of warfare and the patriotic perseverance required in times of adversity revealed a stark contrast between part-time patriots and those true to the cause of American independence regardless of the hardships faced.
German soldiers hired by Great Britain, often called Hessians, played a notable role in the Revolutionary War. The term for these soldiers would be mercenaries, not patriots, illustrating the varied forces involved in the conflict. Moreover, the description of military confrontations and the variety of troops, such as the Minutemen and the Continental Army, underscores the complex nature of military engagement and commitment during the American Revolution.
The struggle for American independence was not only a military battle but also one of maintaining resolve in the face of adversity. Paine's words were intended to inspire fortitude and staunch support for the revolution among the colonists, condemning those who might waiver only when the fight seemed easy or advantageous. The use of stark imagery and the questioning of loyalty served to motivate not just soldiers, but an entire population fighting for freedom and self-determination.