Final answer:
The type of chemical equation being described is chemical decomposition.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of chemical equation being described in the question is b) Chemical decomposition.
Chemical decomposition is a type of chemical reaction where a compound is broken down into simpler substances. It is represented by a single reactant that breaks down into two or more products. In this case, the equation represents the decomposition of water into molecular hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).