Final answer:
Pulitzer and Hearst spread American mass culture through 'yellow journalism', which increased consumerism. The Gilded Age reflected superficial wealth but concealed deep social issues, leading authors like Twain and Crane to critique society. Technological advancements changed middle-class family life, providing a variety of consumer goods and enhanced transportation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were influential figures in spreading American mass culture through their sensationalized style of newspaper reporting, often called 'yellow journalism', during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This approach captured the public's attention and increased newspaper circulation, contributing significantly to the rise of consumer culture.
The Gilded Age characterizes American society in the late nineteenth century as an era of rapid economic growth, superficial glitter of new wealth mixed with dire poverty, and rampant corruption. It was a period where society was enchanted by the patina of wealth which often concealed the deep-seated problems of industrialization, including poor labor conditions and stark class differences.
Writers such as Mark Twain and Stephen Crane critically depicted American society during this era. Their works often highlighted the social injustices and moral issues that, they believed, were being ignored in the rush for wealth and power.
Advancements in consumer products and transportation led to significant changes in middle-class family life. There was an increase in the availability and variety of products due to mass production, and improved transportation connected people and markets, fostering a national culture.