Final answer:
Option (c), The heart's left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body through the aorta, which is the main artery for systemic circulation. The myocardium is responsible for heartbeat, and the mitral valve deals with oxygenated blood.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding the Internal Anatomy of the Heart
The heart is a vital organ that pumps blood throughout the circulatory system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body's tissues and removing carbon dioxide and other wastes. The heart consists of four chambers: two upper atria and two lower ventricles.
The part responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body is the left ventricle; it does so through the aorta, which is the main artery that distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body except the lungs. The pulmonary artery is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, where it gets oxygenated. In contrast, the atria receive blood from the body and lungs and then transfer it to the ventricles.
Coronary circulation is concerned specifically with the supply of blood to and from the heart muscle itself through the coronary arteries and veins. The heart's structure, including its muscular walls and one-way valves, ensures efficient pumping action and direction of blood flow. The pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated, while systemic circulation delivers oxygen-rich blood to the body. The heart's structure and function are directly related to its role as a pump in both the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
Concerning the three layers of the heart walls:
- The endocardium covers the heart valves.
- The myocardium is responsible for the beating of the heart.
- The pericardium protects the heart.
The mitral valve allows oxygenated blood to pass from the left atrium to the left ventricle. As for the order of blood flow, from the heart out to the body and back again, it would be: arteries, aorta, capillaries, venules, and then veins.