Final answer:
Monoclonal antibodies are produced through the hybridoma technique, where B cells from the spleen of an immunized animal are fused with myeloma cells to create hybridoma cells that can continuously produce antibodies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Monoclonal antibodies are produced through a process called the hybridoma technique. First, an animal, usually a mouse, is immunized with a specific antigen. B cells from the animal's spleen, which produce antibodies, are then fused with myeloma cells, a type of cancerous B cell. This creates hybridoma cells, which can produce antibodies continuously. The hybridoma cells are then screened to identify those producing the desired monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are grown in tissue culture. Finally, the mAbs are purified from the culture medium.