Religion, assembly, freedom from searches - freedoms for all. Government can't abuse power, double jeopardy no more, fair trials with lawyers. Cruel punishments are out, too. Some rights not written, like no slavery or equal voting, fought for and won. Later amendments added protections, securing fairness for all.
Categorizing Constitutional Rights:
INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS:
- 1a. The freedom to practice any religion or no religion.
- 1b. Right to assemble peacefully.
- No unreasonable searches and seizures by the government.
LIMITS ON RIGHTS OF GOVERNMENT:
- 5a. The government can't take a person's life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
- 5b. No person can be tried twice for the same crime.
- 5c. The government can't take private property without compensation.
- 6a. The right to a speedy trial.
- 6b. People accused of a crime have the right to a lawyer.
THE ACCUSED:
- No cruel and unusual punishments.
NATURAL RIGHTS (Note: Not all are explicitly listed in the Constitution):
- Not listed: Slavery shall not exist in the United States.
- Not listed: People have the right to vote regardless of race.
- Not listed: Women cannot be denied the right to vote.
Later Amendments:
- 14th Amendment: Includes equal protection and citizenship clauses, influencing various individual rights.
- 15th Amendment: Protects voting rights for Black men.
- 19th Amendment: Protects women's voting rights.
Important Note:
While "natural rights" are often discussed, the U.S. Constitution doesn't explicitly list them. However, certain amendments and court rulings have helped define and enforce some natural rights concepts.