Final answer:
The misidentified substances include a soap solution, which is a base but was identified as an acid, and sour liquids including apple juice, which are correctly identified as acids. Seawater is slightly basic but often perceived as near neutral.
Step-by-step explanation:
In addressing the question of which unknown compounds were wrongly identified as acids, bases, or neutral, we must reference our understanding of acid-base chemistry. Firstly, pure water is indeed neutral with a pH of 7. Seawater, although slightly basic, is generally considered near neutral but leans towards being a base due to the presence of dissolved salts that can raise its pH slightly above neutral.
Soap solution is basic, not acidic, due to the presence of substances like sodium stearate that release hydroxide ions in water. When it comes to sour liquids, such as those containing citric acid or acetic acid (vinegar), they are indeed acidic, not basic, due to their sour taste and ability to donate hydrogen ions (H+). As for apple juice, it typically has a pH that ranges from 3 to 4, making it acidic due to fruit acids like malic acid.
To summarize, the soap solution was mistakenly identified as an acid when it is actually basic. Sour liquids, including apple juice, are correctly identified as acids. Bleach is a strong base, often containing sodium hypochlorite, which releases hydroxide ions in solution. Seawater is near neutral, but slightly basic, and mistaking it for an acid would be incorrect.