Final answer:
The main idea concerns the disunity that the Declaration of Independence caused among colonists, dividing them into supporters, loyalists, and neutrals, despite the declaration's philosophical grounding in Enlightenment principles. The correct option is C. the adoption of the Declaration of Independence sparked bitter disunity among the colonists.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main idea of the section headed 'The Effects of the Declaration of Independence' is that the adoption of the Declaration of Independence sparked bitter disunity among the colonists. While the declaration was based on Enlightenment principles and natural rights, as articulated by thinkers like John Locke, it created divisions among the colonists. There were those who supported independence, those who remained loyal to the British crown, and those who preferred to stay neutral in the conflict.
The Declaration of Independence, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, illustrated the colonists' belief in their right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, and was a direct response to what they viewed as the tyranny of King George III. Ultimately, despite the divisions it caused, the spirit of unity among the Patriots who supported the declaration was a crucial factor in the success of the American Revolution.