Final answer:
Martin Luther's posting of the 95 Theses led to his excommunication and spurred the movement known as the Protestant Reformation, which included the creation of the Lutheran church.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 95 Theses, the Diet of Worms, and the formation of the Lutheran church are all associated with Martin Luther and his role in initiating the Protestant Reformation. In 1517, Martin Luther, a Catholic priest and professor of theology, posted his 95 Theses on the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany, to challenge the Catholic Church's practices, especially the sale of indulgences. His refusal to recant his writings at the Diet of Worms led to his excommunication, which further spurred the development of Protestant sects, including Lutheranism, throughout Europe.
The Counter-Reformation was the response of the Catholic Church to the threat posed by Luther and others through the Protestant Reformation. It aimed to counter the spread of Protestantism and reform the Church's own practices.