To fill in the blanks:
- 12. acid + water → 13. hydronium ion + chloride ion
- 14. base + water → 15. ammonium ion + hydroxide ion
What are the reactions?
The first reaction shows a molecule with an "H" and "Cl" dissociating in water to form H₃O⁺ (hydronium ion) and Cl⁻ (chloride ion). The molecule breaking apart is HCl, which is an acid. Therefore, 12 should be "acid".
The second reaction shows a molecule with "NH₃" (ammonia) reacting with water to form NH₄⁺ (ammonium ion) and OH⁻ (hydroxide ion). Ammonia is a base, so 14 should be "base".
The hydronium ion (H₃O⁺) is 13 in the diagram, indicating the presence of an acid in water.
The hydroxide ion (OH⁻) is the product of the reaction with ammonia, which is a base. Therefore, 15 should be "hydroxide ion".