Question

Source: LS. Pugh, Puck, 1901

Based on your knowledge of social studies, what was the artist of this cartoon criticizing?
A
B
C
D
Rockefeller's public support for US imperialism as a method of expanding his business into new markets
Rockefeller's efforts to consolidate control of the oil industry through both horizontal and vertical integration
Rockefeller's public support for increased regulation of business to protect his employees and the environment
Rockefeller's efforts to encourage competition within the railroad industry to prevent the formation of monopolies

Answer 1

The 1901 cartoon criticizes Rockefeller's consolidation of control over the oil industry through horizontal and vertical integration, showcasing Standard Oil's perceived monopoly and aggressive business tactics.

Step-by-step explanation:

The artist of the cartoon from 1901 is criticizing Rockefeller's efforts to consolidate control of the oil industry through both horizontal and vertical integration. The cartoon presumably reflects progressive reformers' view of Standard Oil as a monopoly that controls the entire oil industry supply chain, from the production of raw materials to the delivery of the final product, displaying Rockefeller's predatory and aggressive business practices.

Horizontal integration was effectively used by Rockefeller to merge with or drive out competitors and eventually dominate the market. This strategy, combined with vertical integration and the later use of holding companies to circumvent anti-monopoly laws, allowed Rockefeller to control a vast portion of the nation's economy and was seen as a significant danger to free competition and the wellbeing of society at large.