Final answer:
The amount of time a system can be down before it is impossible for an organization to recover is addressed by maximum tolerable downtime (MTD).
Step-by-step explanation:
The answer to the question is B. maximum tolerable downtime (MTD). The amount of time a system can be down before it is impossible for an organization to recover is determined by the maximum tolerable downtime. This is the maximum period of time that a system can be unavailable or not functioning without causing severe damage or loss to the organization.
A business impact analysis (option A) is a process to identify, analyze, and evaluate the potential effects of an interruption to critical business operations.
A business continuity plan (option C) is a documented strategy for how an organization will continue to operate during and after a disruption.
Mean time to repair (MTTR) (option D) is a measure of the average time required to repair a failed system or component and restore normal operation.