Final answer:
Requirements based on actual and forecasted sales are called Planned independent requirements, helping companies align production with market demand while adhering to constraints.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : a
In the context of production and supply chain management, planned independent requirements refer to the anticipated demand for products that is calculated based on historical sales data and future sales forecasts. This approach allows companies to prepare for production and inventory needs by understanding customer demand trends. Unlike customer orders, which are specific and known, these requirements are not linked to particular customer orders, hence the term 'independent'. This form of planning is critical for managing the supply chain efficiently and ensuring that the production aligns with market demand.
Considering the requirements and constraints such as cost limitations, safety, and environmental impact, companies need to devise strategies that meet the demands within the given constraints. For instance, in the provided context, a system to produce drinkable water for a village would need to be designed to meet the clean water requirements of the villagers while adhering to the constraints of cost, safety, and the lack of electrical infrastructure.