Final answer:
Saltatory conduction is the process by which electrical charges jump from node to node in myelinated neurons, with the myelin sheath acting as an insulator to increase the speed of action potential conduction.
option a is the correct
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is saltatory conduction, where electrical charges flow from node to node in myelinated neurons. In myelinated axons, the myelin sheath acts as an insulator and increases the speed of action potential conduction by preventing current leaks.
Hence, myelination does influence the speed of action potential conduction. This process saves energy and allows the action potential to 'jump' from node to node, which are gaps in the myelin sheath known as nodes of Ranvier. These nodes contain a high density of Na+ and K+ channels where the action potential is regenerated, allowing for rapid signal transmission along the axon. The diameter of the axon also influences the speed of conduction, with wider axons providing less resistance and faster signal transmission.