Final answer:
A reduction in the taxes imposed on those who have children is the policy change most likely to lead to a rise in the birthrate in a country, as it can lower the financial burden on families.
Step-by-step explanation:
Which of the following policy changes is most likely to lead to a rise in the birthrate in a country? Among the options presented, a reduction in the taxes imposed on those who have children is most likely to lead to an increase in birthrate. High-income countries tend to have lower birthrates for various reasons: higher opportunity costs associated with raising children, better education and economic opportunities for women, advances in gender equality, and the availability of family planning resources. Therefore, incentivizing childbearing through tax reductions can help lower the financial burden and might encourage families to have more children.
Some countries have implemented financial incentives and tax policies to encourage higher birthrates, particularly in the face of population decline. Such measures can have the effect of lowering the opportunity cost of having children, by offering financial relief to parents. This contrasts with policies that increase the economic burden on parents, such as increases in income taxes and decreases in child tax credits, which are generally associated with reductions in birthrates.
Considering the relationship between higher income and lower birthrates, as well as the comprehensive challenges involved with population growth and societal factors, introducing fiscal policies such as tax reductions for parents is a direct approach that a country might take to boost its birthrate.