Final answer:
The mathematical problem that forms the basis of many asymmetric encryption algorithms like RSA is the Discrete Logarithm Problem. The correct answer is (c) The Discrete Logarithm Problem.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mathematical problem that forms the basis of many asymmetric encryption algorithms like RSA is the Discrete Logarithm Problem (option c).
In cryptography, the Discrete Logarithm Problem (DLP) is a mathematical problem that involves finding the exponent (logarithm) to which a fixed number (base) must be raised to obtain another fixed number (target).
It is difficult to solve using current algorithms, making it suitable for cryptographic applications.
For example, in RSA encryption, calculating discrete logarithms forms the basis of the public key system, where the public key is derived from the discrete logarithm of a large prime modulus. Conversely, the private key is based on the difficulty of calculating the discrete logarithm.