Final answer:
The statement about C having a weak, static type system is debatable, but for the context of the question, it can be considered true. Java definitely has a strong, static type system. The correct answer is (C) both p and q are true.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is asking about the type systems of the C programming language and the Java programming language. Regarding the statement about C, it is true that the C programming language has a static type system where the type of a variable is known at compile time.
However, describing it as 'weak' is somewhat subjective as C allows for type conversions that can lead to undefined behavior if not used carefully but has mechanisms to enforce type correctness. On the other hand, Java also has a static type system but it is generally considered to be 'strong' because it enforces strict type checking and does not allow operations or conversions that could lead to type errors.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is (C) both p and q.