Final answer:
The first step towards German unification was the establishment of the Zollverein, a customs union that helped knit various German states together economically in preparation for political unification.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Zollverein was a significant move towards economic unity that predated political unification, forging critical links among the German states. This customs union, led by Prussia, effectively diminished trade barriers and created a free trade area, significantly boosting economic cooperation and prosperity. It ultimately laid the foundation for political unity. After the failed liberal revolutions of the nineteenth century, conservative powers within Prussia gained the upper hand.
The appointment of Otto von Bismarck in 1862 as prime minister marked a decisive turning point. Through pragmatic and sometimes authoritative policies, described as Realpolitik, Bismarck navigated a path of strengthening Prussia and eventually succeeded in unifying Germany under Prussian dominance. His strategic wars with Denmark, Austria, and France excluded Austria from German affairs and paved the way for the official proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.