Final answer:
The parents used a parametric estimation (option d) to calculate the future cost of college, which involved adjusting the historical cost of tuition by a factor that accounts for inflation and the rising cost of college education. This method is known for its accuracy when historical data and clear parameters are available.
Step-by-step explanation:
The approach used by the parents to estimate the cost of college is known as a parametric estimation. This method involves using statistical data, such as the historical cost of tuition and adjusting it for factors like inflation and the rise in college tuition and fees. It estimates the costs based on the identified parameters (in this case, the historical costs and inflation rate) and then applies a multiplier to adjust for future changes.
The parents factor in the rising cost of college and inflation by multiplying the total cost from when they attended college by 2.5. Considering historical data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which shows a substantial increase in tuition and fees over a 40-year period, this method attempts to provide a highly accurate estimate of future costs. A parametric estimation is often more reliable than other estimation approaches when historical data is available and when cost components correlate well with the parameters used for estimation.