Final answer:
The correct answer is option d. leaders are concerned with doing the right thing, while managers are concerned with doing things right.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary difference between leaders and managers lies in their focus and approach to achieving goals within an organization. Managers are typically more concerned with doing things right, which means they focus on efficiency and the process of achieving the organization's goals. Leaders, on the other hand, are more concerned with doing the right thing, which indicates they are focused on setting the direction, inspiring and motivating the team, and thinking strategically about the future.
Hence, the correct answer to the student's question is d. leaders are concerned with doing the right thing, while managers are concerned with doing things right.
It is important to understand that managers are often associated with maintaining the status quo and ensuring that the organization's systems are functioning properly. This can be seen in management styles such as transactional leadership, which is characterized by supervision, organizational goals, and systems of rewards and punishments. On the other hand, transformational leaders possess characteristics like charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and consideration, all of which move beyond mere management to truly lead and transform an organization.