Final answer:
Polythene bags and plastic containers are non-biodegradable (true) because they are not easily broken down by microorganisms, making the given reason (that they can be broken down into harmless compounds by microorganisms) false. The correct response is option c) A is true, but R is false.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student question involves understanding the biodegradability of plastics and the role of microorganisms in this process. The assertion (A) that polythene bags and plastic containers are non-biodegradable is true. These materials persist in the environment because they are not readily broken down by microorganisms.
The reason (R) given is that these substances can be broken down by microorganisms into natural, simple, and harmless compounds, which is false. The complexity of the polymer chains in plastics like polyethylene and polypropylene, commonly used for bags and containers, makes them resistant to microbial decomposition. Therefore, plastics tend to accumulate in the environment, posing threats such as pollution and harming wildlife. Recycling is often promoted to handle plastic waste, as it helps minimize environmental damage and the consumption of non-renewable resources.
Given this explanation, the correct statement regarding the student's question is c) A is true, but R is false.