Final answer:
Rule-based systems encode knowledge as a set of rules guiding actions or conclusions, providing dynamic decision-making based on conditions and logic.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : b
Rule-based systems represent knowledge in terms of bunch of rules that guide actions or conclusions in various situations. Instead of stating facts statically, these systems use condition-action pairs that, when conditions are met, trigger specific conclusions or actions. The use of rules in such systems allows for dynamic decision-making, drawing on the underlying logic that governs different scenarios.
For example, when designing an intelligent system that interacts with the environment, rules such as 'If an object is hot, then do not touch' could be applied. This 'if-then' structure is essential for the system to perform logically consistent actions. Likewise, in a broader context, the information one may learn conforms to the laws of nature or is a generalization that becomes applicable widely. The rulesets can derive from empirical observations like 'fire causes burns,' which is founded on concept mapping and repeated evidence. Thereby, rule-based systems encapsulate knowledge as a set of guidelines that determine how to process and react to information, following established logical principles.