Final answer:
India refused to join the United Nations initially because its representation was denied to China. The UN, with its Security Council, was established in 1945 to maintain international peace and security, but India sought the equal inclusion of all nations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option : c
India refused to join the United Nations (UN) due to its representation being denied to China. At the time of the UN's establishment, India championed the inclusion of all nations as a principle for maintaining international peace and fairness. The UN is a global organization, officially established in 1945, aimed at maintaining world peace and security. The Security Council, which includes five permanent members with veto rights, forms the core of the UN's decision-making power. India's refusal to join was a matter of asserting its stance on global representation and equality within the organization.
This refusal is often seen as a historical moment that underlined India's foreign policy ethics and its belief in equality among nations, regardless of their size or power. However, India eventually became a founding member of the UN later in 1945, after its concerns had been addressed. India refused to join the WHO because at the time of its formation in 1948, China was not given membership due to its political situation. India protested against this decision and decided not to join the organization as a result.