Question

The following questions two statements are given and these statements are followed by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the given two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. Read the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows from the two given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements :Some parrots are crows.
No crow is green.
Conclusions :
I. No parrot is green.
II. No crow is white.
(a) if only (1) conclusion follows
(b) if only (2) conclusion follows
(c) if either (1) or (2) follows
(d) if neither (1) nor (2) follows and
(e) if both (1) and (2) follow

Answer 1

The conclusion that 'No parrot is green' is invalid, and 'No crow is white' is unrelated to the given statements; thus neither conclusion logically follows.

Step-by-step explanation:

The given logic problem involves analyzing two statements to determine which conclusions follow. According to the statements 'Some parrots are crows' and 'No crow is green,' we are tasked to evaluate the conclusions 'No parrot is green' and 'No crow is white.'

Conclusion I is invalid because, while some parrots are crows and no crow is green, this does not necessarily mean that no parrot is green, as there may be some parrots that are not crows and could be green.

Conclusion II is unrelated to the given statements, as the color white was never mentioned; therefore, we cannot logically infer anything about crows being white from the given information. Thus, the correct choice would be (d) if neither (1) nor (2) follows.

These conclusions demonstrate examples of deductive reasoning where we apply disjunctive syllogism, modus ponens, and modus tollens to determine the validity of inferences drawn from a set of premises.