Final answer:
Net debt issued by Kroger, calculated from the given financial figures and using the prescribed formula, is $60 million, which is not among the provided options. This suggests a possible error in the question's choices.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student is seeking to determine how much net debt Kroger issued, given specific financial information. The question involves free cash flow to equity (FCFE), free cash flow (FCF), interest payments, and tax rates, which are all critical concepts in corporate finance. To find the net debt issued, we need to adjust the free cash flow to account for debt financing activities.
Firstly, we know that FCFE is the cash flow available to equity shareholders after providing for capex, working capital, and debt holders. FCFE is calculated as:
FCFE = FCF - Interest * (1 - Tax Rate) + Net Borrowing
In Kroger's case, FCFE is given as $250 million, FCF is $350 million, Interest paid is $100 million, and the Tax Rate is 20%. By substituting these values into the formula, we get:
$250 million = $350 million - $100 million * (1 - 0.20) + Net Borrowing
Solved for Net Borrowing, we find:
Net Borrowing = FCFE - FCF + Interest * (1 - Tax Rate)
Net Borrowing = $250 million - $350 million + $100 million * 0.8
Net Borrowing = $250 million - $350 million + $80 million
Net Borrowing = -$20 million + $80 million
Net Borrowing = $60 million
Therefore, the net debt issued by Kroger is $60 million. Note that this is not one of the provided answer choices, so there may have been a misunderstanding or a mistake in the question's choices themselves.