Final answer:
Arthroplasty is the surgical procedure for repairing a joint by replacing damaged parts with a prosthesis. It is a common treatment for severe osteoarthritis in the knee or hip and can significantly improve mobility and reduce pain. The prosthesis parts used in joint replacement are improving in quality and can function for decades.
Step-by-step explanation:
The surgical repair of a joint is referred to as arthroplasty. This highly invasive procedure typically follows a suite of other treatments that have proven ineffective. Arthroplasty is particularly beneficial in providing relief from chronic pain and in enhancing mobility. The surgery involves the removal of worn or damaged parts of a joint and their replacement with a prosthesis, which are artificial components designed to mimic the joint's movement.
For example, in hip arthroplasty, the damaged head and neck of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvis are replaced. The femur's part is a rounded ball attached to a shaft that is inserted into the femur's diaphysis. The pelvis's acetabulum is reshaped to fit a replacement socket. These joint components are often custom-made to ensure the best fit and functionality for the patient.
Modern advances in prosthesis design have expanded options for joint replacement surgeries beyond the hips and knees to include shoulders, elbows, and fingers. The improvements in quality, durability, and customization of artificial joints contribute to their longevity, often remaining functional for decades post-surgery.