Final answer:
SQL commands passed to a web application that prompts the site to execute them is known as SQL injection, a security vulnerability that can have severe consequences, such as data breaches or unauthorized access to database operations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Passing Structured Query Language (SQL) commands to a web application and getting the website to execute them is known as SQL injection. This is a common and dangerous web security vulnerability that allows an attacker to interfere with the queries that an application makes to its database. It often involves inserting or "injecting" a SQL query via the input data from the client to the application. A successful SQL injection exploit can read sensitive data from the database, modify database data, execute administration operations on the database, and sometimes issue commands to the operating system.