Final answer:
Option b is the correct answer. A change in resource prices affects short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) but not long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) as SRAS is more sensitive to immediate cost fluctuations which are usually temporary and the market adjusts over time.
Step-by-step explanation:
A factor that would affect short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) but not long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) is B. a change in resource prices. Resource prices, such as the costs of raw materials or energy, can lead to shifts in the SRAS curve because producers may change how much they are willing to supply at a given price level, depending on the cost of inputs. For example, if the price of oil increases, it raises the cost of production for many goods, leading to a decrease in SRAS. However, in the long run, factors like technology, resource availability, and institutional frameworks tend to dictate production capacity, thus affecting LRAS. SRAS is considered more sensitive to immediate variations in resource prices, and these effects are often viewed as temporary since the market can eventually adjust to such shocks.