Final answer:
Exposing a Drosophila embryo to dsRNA specific for the gene affecting scarlet pigment would likely result in adult fruit flies with white color eyes due to the silencing of the scarlet pigment gene. The correct answer is option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an embryo of a fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is exposed to dsRNA specific for a gene affecting scarlet pigment, the process of RNA interference (RNAi) occurs, which leads to the silencing of that gene. As a result, the fruit fly is likely to have a phenotype where the scarlet pigment is not produced. Given the context of eye color in Drosophila and considering that the scarlet gene is involved in the production of red eye pigment, the absence of this pigment would not produce red (or scarlet) eyes.
In fruit flies, mutation in pigmentation genes often results in white eyes if the pathway is completely disrupted. Hence, if dsRNA specific for the scarlet pigment gene is introduced, we would expect the phenotype of the adult fruit fly to be d. White color eyes.