Final answer:
Individuals involved in policy formulation, like members of the legislature, citizens, lobbyists, and advocacy-group representatives, are known as stakeholders. They use various tactics such as voting, lobbying, and campaigning to influence public policy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individuals who are involved in policy formulation, including members of the legislature, citizens, lobbyists, and advocacy-group representatives are known as stakeholders. These stakeholders participate actively in the political process through various actions such as voting, campaigning, contributing to campaigns, demonstrating, writing to elected officials, and especially by lobbying.
Lobbyists, for example, work on behalf of interest groups to influence lawmakers by providing information, drafting legislation, and advocating for certain policies. Stakeholders use multiple tactics such as inside and outside lobbying, contributing to policymakers' campaigns, and educating the public to advocate for their interests and shape public policy.