Final answer:
Option A: Nodes connected with a backbone cable that forms a loop and ends where it started are part of a ring topology, which is used as a LAN physical network setup allowing data to pass in a single direction around the loop.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of physical LAN topologies, the topology where nodes are connected to a backbone cable that loops around and terminates at the same point it began is known as a ring topology. To visualize a ring network, imagine each computer or network device connected to two other devices in a circular fashion, with the last one connecting back to the first, forming a continuous loop. This type of setup allows data to travel in one direction around the loop, either 'clockwise' or 'counterclockwise'. When a device sends data, it passes through each intermediate device until it reaches the intended recipient. If a cable or a device fails in a ring network, this can disrupt communication within the entire network unless the ring incorporates some sort of redundancy, like a dual ring or secondary connections.
The physical LAN topology that fits the description of nodes connected to each other with a backbone cable that loops around and ends at the same point it started is the ring topology. In a ring topology, each node in the network is connected to two neighboring nodes, forming a closed loop. The data travels around the ring in one direction, passing through each node until it reaches its destination.