Final answer:
Patients who require dialysis for kidney failure or have a congenital condition like a patent ductus arteriosus are most likely to have an arteriovenous fistula or gland. Mild cases are often treated first due to better outcomes, while severe cases may require multiple surgeries. A patent ductus arteriosus can lead to serious complications if not treated.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of patient most likely to have an arteriovenous fistula or gland is one who requires dialysis for kidney failure or has had a congenital condition such as a patent ductus arteriosus. The arteriovenous fistula is often surgically created for patients needing hemodialysis as it allows easy access to the bloodstream. In the case a patent ductus arteriosus, it's a birth defect wherein the ductus arteriosus fails to close, leading to complications such as respiratory difficulties and increased pulmonary pressure.
Regarding the surgical treatment of fistulas, it is noted that patients with mild arteriovenous fistulas are often prioritized for surgery due to the better prognosis compared to those with more severe conditions, who may require multiple surgeries.
Patients with a patent ductus arteriosus may exhibit shortness of breath, tachycardia, enlarged heart, and poor growth in infants, among other symptoms. Treatment options include surgical closure, manual closure with medical devices, or medication to encourage closure of the ductus arteriosus. Untreated, this condition can lead to congestive heart failure.