Final answer:
A trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament is known as a sprain. Ligaments can get strained or torn when a joint gets twisted or bends too far, resulting in swelling and pain.
Step-by-step explanation:
A trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament is known as a sprain. Ligaments are short bands of tough connective tissue that connect bones together to form a joint. When a joint is twisted or bent too far, the ligaments can get strained or torn, leading to swelling and pain. Ankle sprains, for example, are a common type of sprain.