Final answer:
The four components of late childhood/adolescent history include physical changes due to puberty, cognitive development due to brain maturation, and psychosocial changes involving personal identity, relationships, and self-esteem.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four components of late childhood/adolescent history encompass a variety of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. During this time, adolescence marks a period of transition between childhood and adulthood. The stage of adolescence includes puberty, where significant physical changes, such as sexual and physical maturation, take place in both boys and girls. Additionally, this period involves changes in brain development that relate to cognitive advancements. Psychosocial changes are also pronounced during adolescence, affecting the formation of personal identity, self-esteem, and relationships.
Physical Changes
Adolescence triggers the onset of puberty, which results in growth spurts, development of secondary sexual characteristics, and, for girls specifically, the onset of menstruation. Varying rates of physical development during this stage can cause feelings of pride or embarrassment among adolescents.
Cognitive Development
Brain changes during adolescence support cognitive development. These transformations contribute to a more sophisticated level of thinking, better problem-solving skills, and a deeper understanding of complex concepts.
Psychosocial Changes
Adolescents experience shifts in their social relationships and how they perceive themselves within society. They develop a stronger sense of personal identity. However, some may face challenges such as peer pressure or issues with self-esteem and body image.