Final answer:
Chlorine (Cl) has the most negative electron affinity among the given elements, indicating the strongest affinity to acquire an additional electron due to its position in the upper right corner of the periodic table. Considering as option number a, b ,c and d , option number d is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the elements O (oxygen), Al (aluminum), Si (silicon), S (sulfur), and Cl (chlorine), the element with the most negative electron affinity is Cl (chlorine). This means chlorine has the strongest affinity to acquire an additional electron. The electron affinity (EA) is the energy change that occurs when an electron is added to a gaseous atom to form an anion.
The trend in the periodic table shows that electron affinities generally become more negative from left to right across a row and less negative going down a group. However, chlorine, located in the upper right corner of the periodic table, has the most negative electron affinity of any element, releasing more energy when an electron is added to a gaseous chlorine atom than to an atom of any other element with an EA of -346 kJ/mol. Thus, chlorine is exceptional in its ability to gain an extra electron.