Final answer:
The sequence starts with weathering and erosion, followed by the solidification of particles to form sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and limestone. These can then become metamorphic rocks like marble under heat and pressure. Finally, melting rocks form magma that solidifies into igneous rocks such as granite and basalt.
Step-by-step explanation:
To understand the sequence of geological processes and the formation of various rock types, we need to examine the rock cycle in detail. This cycle describes the transformation of rocks through geological time due to various natural processes. Weathering and erosion occur first, breaking down existing rocks into small particles.
These particles are transported and eventually settle, where they solidify to form sedimentary rocks like sandstone (e) and limestone (d). When sedimentary rocks are exposed to heat, pressure, and chemical reactions, they are transformed into metamorphic rocks such as marble (g) from limestone. Complete melting of rocks leads to the formation of magma, which, upon cooling, becomes igneous rocks such as granite (h) and basalt (f).
Sedimentary rocks like sandstone and limestone form from the solidification of particles, while metamorphic rocks like marble form from heat and pressure, and igneous rocks like granite and basalt form from the cooling of magma.