Final answer:
Refusing a BAC test typically results in automatic license suspension due to implied consent laws, and can also lead to additional legal penalties in the event of a DUI charge. The BAC level is measured using a Breathalyzer, which detects ethanol in the breath through a color change reaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a driver refuses a Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) test, such as a Breathalyzer, they can face serious legal consequences.
The specifics depend on the laws of the country or state they are in. In many U.S. states, for example, refusal to submit to a BAC test can lead to automatic license suspension under 'implied consent' laws, which drivers agree to by holding a driver's license.
These penalties can be in addition to other legal repercussions associated with a DUI (driving under the influence) charge, should one be issued.
The Breathalyzer device works by measuring ethanol concentration in the breath, which correlates with a person's blood alcohol level. This reaction involves the oxidation of ethanol by the dichromate ion, turning the solution from yellow-orange to green, an indication of the amount of ethanol present.