Final answer:
In kwashiorkor, tissue edema is associated with increased capillary permeability and decreased levels of plasma proteins.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tissue edema in kwashiorkor is associated with increased capillary permeability (option 4).
When there is increased capillary permeability, the blood vessels become more porous, allowing fluid to leak out into the surrounding tissues. This results in tissue edema or swelling.
In kwashiorkor, a form of severe protein-energy malnutrition, the decreased levels of plasma proteins lead to a decrease in colloid osmotic pressure, causing water to flow into the tissues. This, along with increased capillary permeability, contributes to the presence of tissue edema.