Question

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to polyuria and dehydration?

1) hyperglycemia glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose enters renal tubules osmotic diuresis
2) hyperglycemia glucose enters renal tubules glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid osmotic diuresis
3) hyperglycemia glucose enters renal tubules glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid osmotic diuresis glucose transport maximum exceeded
4) hyperglycemia glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose enters renal tubules glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid osmotic diuresis
5) osmotic diuresis glucose enters renal tubules glucose transport maximum exceeded glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid hyperglycemia

Answer 1

The correct sequence of events leading to polyuria and dehydration in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus involves hyperglycemia, glucose entering renal tubules, glucose in urine raising osmolarity of tubular fluid, glucose transport maximum exceeded, and osmotic diuresis.

Step-by-step explanation:

The correct sequence of events leading to polyuria and dehydration in cases of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus is as follows:

1. Hyperglycemia: The blood glucose level exceeds normal levels.
2. Glucose enters renal tubules: Excess glucose is filtered by the kidneys.
3. Glucose in urine raises osmolarity of tubular fluid: The presence of glucose in the urine increases the osmolarity of the fluid in the renal tubules.
4. Glucose transport maximum exceeded: The capacity of the glucose transporters in the renal tubules is exceeded, resulting in the inability to reabsorb all the filtered glucose.
5. Osmotic diuresis: The unrecovered glucose in the tubular fluid acts as an osmotic diuretic, promoting water loss through urine.