Final answer:
Short circuit metal transfer in GMAW welding generally needs a voltage range of 14-28 volts, which allows for controlled metal transfer from wire to pool.
Step-by-step explanation:
To perform short circuit metal transfer when GMAW welding, typically a voltage range of 14-28 volts is required. This technique is characterized by a short circuiting transfer where the electrode wire contacts the weld pool, causing a short circuit. This momentarily extinguishes the arc, before it reignites and a small droplet of molten metal is transferred across the arc gap. The voltage, in conjunction with appropriate wire feed speed and gas shielding, ensures a steady and controlled short circuiting metal transfer. It is important to note that this voltage range is considerably lower than the voltages used for power transmission or that can cause air breakdown, as referenced in the information provided.