Final answer:
Central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency in the production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland, while nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect in the kidneys' response to ADH.
Step-by-step explanation:
Central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are two different types of diabetes insipidus that result in the production of large amounts of urine. The main difference between them lies in their causes and the mechanisms involved.
Central/neurogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency in the production or release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus or posterior pituitary gland. This leads to a reduced ability of the kidneys to reabsorb water, resulting in increased urine output.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a defect in the kidneys, specifically the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH. As a result, the kidneys are unable to reabsorb water, leading to excessive urine production.