Final answer:
The axillary artery starts at the first rib and extends to the border of the teres major muscle, continuing from the subclavian artery and becoming the brachial artery in the brachium.
Step-by-step explanation:
The starting and ending point of the axillary artery is from the first rib and extends to the border of the teres major muscle. The axillary artery is a continuation of the subclavian artery as it passes through the body wall and enters the axillary region. It supplies blood to the surrounding structures, including the area near the head of the humerus through the humeral circumflex arteries. The axillary artery eventually becomes the brachial artery as it continues into the brachium.