Question

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. You apply 100?

1) severe insulin shock
2) acidosis and dehydration
3) complete renal failure
4) hypoxia and overhydration

Answer 1

The best answer to the student's question is acidosis and dehydration, which occur in diabetic patients due to excessive levels of blood glucose leading to polyuria, ketoacidosis, and subsequent dehydration.

Step-by-step explanation:

The question pertains to a 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presenting with symptoms such as excessive urination (polyuria) and weakness. The answer to the student's question is most likely acidosis and dehydration, which can result from high levels of blood glucose in diabetic patients. Polyuria occurs because excessive blood glucose draws water into the urine, leading to a larger volume of urine and dehydration due to the body using more water to dilute the urine.

In diabetes, when insulin is either insufficient or not functioning properly, muscles undergo β-oxidation of fatty acids for energy, leading to an accumulation of acetyl-CoA and subsequently higher levels of ketone bodies. This can cause ketosis or ketoacidosis, further contributing to acidosis and dehydration. Treatment can include insulin therapy, low carbohydrate diets, or other medications to manage diabetes.