Final answer:
The step-by-step process of producing recombinant DNA, specifically option C) Restriction, Ligation, Transformation, involves cutting the DNA of interest with restriction enzymes, joining it with a vector during ligation, and introducing the recombinant DNA into a host organism through transformation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The step-by-step process of producing recombinant DNA is option C) Restriction, Ligation, Transformation. Here are the steps:
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- Restriction: The process begins by cutting the DNA of interest, often using restriction enzymes which act as molecular scissors to cut DNA at specific sequences, resulting in the creation of sticky or blunt ends.
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- Ligation: The cut DNA fragment, also known as the insert, is then joined to a vector that has been similarly cut with the same restriction enzymes. A DNA ligase enzyme facilitates the covalent bonding of the DNA backbone.
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- Transformation: The recombinant DNA molecule is then introduced into a host organism, often a bacteria, in a process known as transformation. The host organism's cellular machinery will replicate the recombinant DNA along with its own DNA, sometimes followed by expression of the gene and harvesting of the protein product.
In contrast, the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) relates to amplifying a specific segment of DNA and involves the steps of denaturation, annealing, and extension but is not directly involved in the creation of recombinant DNA.