Final answer:
The minimum number of bits required to represent x in two's complement can be found using ceiling(log2(x)).
Step-by-step explanation:
The minimum number of bits required to represent x in two's complement can be found using the formula ceiling(log2(x)). This formula gives the smallest integer greater than or equal to the logarithm of x base 2, which represents the number of bits needed to represent x. For example, if x=8, the minimum number of bits required would be ceiling(log2(8)) = ceiling(3) = 3 bits.