Final answer:
Individuals with a hostile type B personality pattern are at a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease, not Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, or anorexia nervosa, as anger/hostility is linked with increased heart disease risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individuals exhibiting a hostile type B personality pattern are at a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Extensive research indicates that the anger/hostility dimension of Type A behavior pattern is a significant factor in the development of heart disease. This relationship has been demonstrated in several studies, including one by Haynes et al. (1980), which found that suppressed hostility substantially elevated the risk of heart disease. Consistent findings indicate that those with higher levels of anger have a greater likelihood of experiencing heart attacks and heart disease at an earlier age compared to their less angry counterparts.
Furthermore, Friedman and Booth-Kewley's analysis of 101 studies revealed disease-prone personality characteristics, such as depression, anger/hostility, and anxiety, which are indicative of a Type A behavior pattern. Type B individuals, on the other hand, who are more relaxed and laid-back, have been found to experience heart disease much less frequently than Type As. Therefore, it is evident that individuals with a hostile type B personality are at a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (Option B), and not at a reduced risk for Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, substance abuse, or anorexia nervosa.