Final answer:
A train operator should use a route request button when approaching a junction, departing from a station, encountering a signal failure, or running late.
Step-by-step explanation:
A train operator should use a route request button in the following situations:
- When the train is approaching a junction. The button can be used to request permission to switch tracks or to inform the operations center of the train's intended route.
- When the train is about to depart from a station. The button can be used to communicate with the station staff and indicate that the train is ready to leave.
- When the train encounters a signal failure. The button can be used to report the issue and request assistance from the operations center.
- When the train is running late. The button can be used to inform the operations center of the delay and adjust the schedule accordingly.