Question

What may lead to rupture of glomerular capillaries, produce scarring of the kidneys (nephrosclerosis), and atherosclerosis of renal blood vessels, ultimately leading to renal failure?

1) High blood pressure
2) Diabetes
3) Smoking
4) Obesity

Answer 1

High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and obesity can lead to renal failure through various mechanisms such as glomerular capillary rupture and atherosclerosis of renal blood vessels.

Step-by-step explanation:

The rupture of glomerular capillaries, scarring of the kidneys (nephrosclerosis), and atherosclerosis of renal blood vessels can ultimately lead to renal failure. This can be caused by several factors, including:

1. High blood pressure: Persistent high blood pressure can damage the glomerular capillaries and lead to renal failure.
2. Diabetes: Long-standing diabetes can cause damage to the capillaries in the glomeruli of the kidneys, leading to nephrosclerosis and ultimately renal failure.
3. Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of developing nephrosclerosis and atherosclerosis, which can contribute to renal failure.
4. Obesity: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, and other conditions that can lead to renal failure.