Final answer:
The term 'eponym' refers to a person after whom a discovery, invention, place, or other item is named, such as Alzheimer's disease named after Alois Alzheimer.
Step-by-step explanation:
An eponym is a person after whom a discovery, invention, place, or any other item is named or believed to be named. It reflects option 1 of the given choices. For example, the term Alzheimer's disease is an eponym as it was named after the neurologist Alois Alzheimer who first identified the condition. Additionally, the sandwich is named after the Earl of Sandwich, another eponym representing a place or item named after a person. This term is not meant to describe a person famous for their achievements, known for their generosity, or considered a role model, which are the other options provided.