Final answer:
The reversible causes of cardiac arrest include myocardial infarction (heart attack), bradycardia, and broken heart syndrome. Risk factors for myocardial infarction include cardiovascular disease, age, smoking, high blood cholesterol levels, and hypertension. Bradycardia can be caused by inherent factors or external causes such as metabolic disorders or drug use. Broken heart syndrome is triggered by extreme stress and weakens the heart muscle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Reversible Causes of Cardiac Arrest:
- Myocardial Infarction (MI): MI can trigger cardiac arrest, but the two are not synonymous. Risk factors for MI include cardiovascular disease, age, smoking, high blood levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), hypertension, diabetes, obesity, lack of exercise, chronic kidney disease, excessive alcohol consumption, and use of illegal drugs.
- Bradycardia: Bradycardia can be caused by inherent factors or external causes such as ischemia to the heart muscle, diseases of the heart vessels or valves, metabolic disorders, electrolyte imbalances, neurological disorders, autoimmune pathologies, drug use, or prolonged bed rest.
- Broken Heart Syndrome: Extreme stress from life events such as the death of a loved one or emotional break up can lead to broken heart syndrome, also known as Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. This condition weakens the myocardium, leading to congestive heart failure, lethal arrhythmias, or even ventricular rupture.